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AMERICAN
RIGHTS
LEGAL RIGHTS
T
ERRY
J
OHNSON
Legal Rights
Copyright © 2005 by Terry Johnson
Maps and graphs copyright © 2005 by Infobase Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record-
ing, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in
writing from the publisher. For information contact:
Facts On File, Inc.
An imprint of Infobase Publishing
132 West 31st Street
New York NY 10001
ISBN-10: 0-8160-5665-X
ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-5665-1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Johnson, Terry, 1961–
Legal rights / Terry Johnson.
p. cm.—(American rights)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-5665-X (alk. paper)
1. Civil rights—United States. 2. Civil rights—United States—History. I. Title.
II. Series.
KF4749.J64 2005
342.7308'5—dc22
2004023350
Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in
bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions.
Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800
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Text design by Erika K. Arroyo
Cover design by Pehrsson Design
Maps and graphs by Sholto Ainslie
Printed in the United States of America
VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Contents
j
Introduction:
American Legal Rights
vi
1
Origins of American Legal Rights
1
Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634)
5
The Massachusetts Body of Liberties (1641)
7
British Colonies in North America, 1607–1763
10
The Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)
13
United States, 1790
17
2
The Right Against Unreasonable Searches
and Seizures
19
“Every Man’s House Is His Castle”
21
James Otis, Jr. (1725–1783)
23
3
The Right to Fair Treatment
32
John Lilburne (ca. 1614–1657)
39
Joseph R. McCarthy (1908–1957)
41
4
The Right to a Fair Trial
48
Trial by Ordeal
52
The Twelve-Person Jury
54
Geographic Boundaries of the U.S. Courts of
Appeals and the U.S. District Courts, 2005
55
Class Action Suits
57
5
The Right Against Excessive or Cruel
and Unusual Punishments
61
Benefit of Clergy
67
People Executed, 1930–2003
68
The Electric Chair
70
People under Sentence of Death, 1953–2003
71
Methods of Execution
76
6
Legal Rights and the War on Terrorism
78
Flight Paths of Hijacked Airliners, September 11,
2001
79
Total Number of U.S. Citizens Injured or Killed
in International Terrorist Attacks, 1998–2003
81
Countries of Origin of People Killed,
September 11, 2001
82
Afghanistan under the Taliban, 2001
83
Terrorism Information Awareness
85
Immigrant Prisoners in U.S. Investigation of
September 11th Attacks, March 2003
93
Biometrics
95
7
The USA PATRIOT Act and the Future
of American Legal Rights
97
The Department of Homeland Security
98
The Homeland Security Advisory System
99
Total Number of International Terrorist Attacks,
1982–2003
102
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