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    AMERICAN
    RIGHTS
    LEGAL RIGHTS
    T
    ERRY
    J
    OHNSON
    Legal Rights
    Copyright © 2005 by Terry Johnson
    Maps and graphs copyright © 2005 by Infobase Publishing
    All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any
    form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, record-
    ing, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in
    writing from the publisher. For information contact:
    Facts On File, Inc.
    An imprint of Infobase Publishing
    132 West 31st Street
    New York NY 10001
    ISBN-10: 0-8160-5665-X
    ISBN-13: 978-0-8160-5665-1
    Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
    Johnson, Terry, 1961–
    Legal rights / Terry Johnson.
    p. cm.—(American rights)
    Includes bibliographical references and index.
    ISBN 0-8160-5665-X (alk. paper)
    1. Civil rights—United States. 2. Civil rights—United States—History. I. Title.
    II. Series.
    KF4749.J64 2005
    342.7308'5—dc22
    2004023350
    Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in
    bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions.
    Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800
    or (800) 322-8755.
    You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com
    Text design by Erika K. Arroyo
    Cover design by Pehrsson Design
    Maps and graphs by Sholto Ainslie
    Printed in the United States of America
    VB FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
    This book is printed on acid-free paper.
     Contents
    j
    Introduction:
    American Legal Rights
    vi
    1
    Origins of American Legal Rights
    1
    Sir Edward Coke (1552–1634)
    5
    The Massachusetts Body of Liberties (1641)
    7
    British Colonies in North America, 1607–1763
    10
    The Virginia Declaration of Rights (1776)
    13
    United States, 1790
    17
    2
    The Right Against Unreasonable Searches
    and Seizures
    19
    “Every Man’s House Is His Castle”
    21
    James Otis, Jr. (1725–1783)
    23
    3
    The Right to Fair Treatment
    32
    John Lilburne (ca. 1614–1657)
    39
    Joseph R. McCarthy (1908–1957)
    41
    4
    The Right to a Fair Trial
    48
    Trial by Ordeal
    52
    The Twelve-Person Jury
    54
    Geographic Boundaries of the U.S. Courts of
    Appeals and the U.S. District Courts, 2005
    55
    Class Action Suits
    57
    5
    The Right Against Excessive or Cruel
    and Unusual Punishments
    61
    Benefit of Clergy
    67
    People Executed, 1930–2003
    68
    The Electric Chair
    70
    People under Sentence of Death, 1953–2003
    71
    Methods of Execution
    76
    6
    Legal Rights and the War on Terrorism
    78
    Flight Paths of Hijacked Airliners, September 11,
    2001
    79
    Total Number of U.S. Citizens Injured or Killed
    in International Terrorist Attacks, 1998–2003
    81
    Countries of Origin of People Killed,
    September 11, 2001
    82
    Afghanistan under the Taliban, 2001
    83
    Terrorism Information Awareness
    85
    Immigrant Prisoners in U.S. Investigation of
    September 11th Attacks, March 2003
    93
    Biometrics
    95
    7
    The USA PATRIOT Act and the Future
    of American Legal Rights
    97
    The Department of Homeland Security
    98
    The Homeland Security Advisory System
    99
    Total Number of International Terrorist Attacks,
    1982–2003
    102
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